National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month
March 2026
Colorectal cancer remains one of the most significant public health concerns both in the United States and in Guam. It is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths on Guam1. Nationally, colorectal cancer accounts for approximately 7.6% of all new cancer cases in the United States according to the National Cancer Institute2. While these statistics may sound concerning, the encouraging news is that colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable cancers when detected early. Routine screening plays a critical role in identifying abnormalities before they develop into cancer, helping individuals maintain long-term health and wellbeing.
Understanding Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer occurs when cancer develops in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the large intestine. In many cases, the disease begins as small growths called polyps that form on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Over time, some polyps may develop into cancer if they are not detected and removed.
One of the challenges with colorectal cancer is that symptoms may not appear during the early stages. Many people with polyps or early cancer feel completely healthy and may not realize anything is wrong. This is why routine screening is so important—it can identify issues before symptoms develop.
When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Changes in bowel habits
- Blood in or on the stool
- Persistent diarrhea or constipation
- A feeling that the bowel does not empty completely
- Abdominal pain, aches, or cramps that do not go away
- Unexplained weight loss
If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to consult your healthcare provider promptly.
Why Screening Matters
Health experts, including the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, recommend that adults between the ages of 50 and 75 receive regular colorectal cancer screenings. For individuals with higher risk factors, screening may begin earlier or occur more frequently. Regular screening tests can detect polyps before they become cancerous, allowing doctors to remove them during the screening process. Discussing screening options with your main provider can help determine which test is most appropriate for you, based on your age, health history, and personal risk factors.
Several screening tests are available, each with different methods and recommended screening intervals.
— Stool-Based Tests
These tests analyze a stool sample to look for signs of blood or abnormal DNA that may indicate polyps or cancer.
— Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
This test uses a short, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera that is inserted into the rectum to examine the rectum and the lower third of the colon for polyps or cancer.
— Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is considered one of the most comprehensive screening methods. A long, flexible, tube with a camera is used to examine the entire colon and rectum. During the procedure, doctors can identify and remove most polyps immediately. If abnormal findings appear during other screening tests, a colonoscopy is often used as a follow-up examination.
— CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy)
This screening uses computed tomography (CT) imaging and specialized computer software to create detailed images of the entire colon and rectum. These images are analyzed by a physician to detect polyps or cancer.
Understanding Your Risk
Age is one of the most significant risk factors for colorectal cancer, which is why screening is recommended beginning at age 50 for most individuals. However, several medical and genetic factors can increase a person’s risk, including:
- Inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
- A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps
- Genetic conditions
Individuals with these conditions may require earlier or more frequent screening.
Lifestyle Factors That Influence Risk
While some risk factors cannot be changed, many lifestyle choices can influence colorectal cancer risk. Adopting healthy habits can help reduce your overall risk and support long-term wellness.
Factors associated with increased risk include:
- Limited physical activity
- Diets low in fiber and high in fat
- Overweight or obesity
- Excess alcohol consumption
- Tobacco use
Maintaining a balanced diet, staying physically active, managing weight, and avoiding tobacco are all important steps toward reducing cancer risk.
Your health is one of your most valuable assets. Preventive screenings are an important part of maintaining your wellbeing and ensuring you can continue to thrive both personally and professionally. Taking proactive steps today can make a meaningful difference for your future health.
References:
1 Palaganas, H., Mummer, A., Somera, L., Diaz, T.P., & Kleiner, A. (2022). Guam Cancer and Health Disparities Report 2022. University of Guam Cancer Research Center.
2 National Cancer Institute. (2025). Cancer Stat Facts: Colorectal Cancer. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/colorect.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, October 5). Colorectal cancer. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/index.html